The purpose of the phenomenological approach is to illuminate the specific, to identify phenomena through how they are perceived by the actors in a situation. In the human sphere this normally translates into gathering ‘deep’ information and perceptions through inductive, qualitative methods such as interviews, discussions and participant observation, and representing it from the perspective of the research participant(s). Phenomenology is conceed with the study of experience from the perspective of the individual, ‘bracketing’ taken-for-granted assumptions and usual ways of perceiving. Epistemologically, phenomenological approaches are based in a paradigm of personal knowledge and subjectivity, and emphasise the importance of personal perspective and interpretation. As such they are powerful for understanding subjective experience, gaining insights into people’s motivations and actions, and cutting through the clutter of taken-for-granted assumptions and conventional wisdom. Phenomenological research has overlaps with other essentially qualitative approaches including ethnography, hermeneutics and symbolic interactionism. Pure phenomenological research seeks essentially to describe rather than explain, and to start from a perspective free from hypotheses or preconceptions (Husserl 1970). More recent humanist and feminist researchers refute the possibility of starting without preconceptions or bias, and emphasise the importance of making clear how interpretations and meaninادامه مطلب

The use of knots may predate mode humans (Homo sapiens). For example, seashells colored with ocher, pierced with holes, and dated to 82,000 years ago have been discovered in a Moroccan cave. Other archeological evidence suggests much older bead use in humans. The piercing implies the use of cords and the use of a knot to hold the objects to a loop, such as a necklace. The quintessence of oamental knots is exemplified by The Book of Kells, an oately illustrated Gospel Bible, produced by Celtic monks in about A.D. 800. In mode times, the study of knots, such as the trefoil knot with three crossings, is part of a vast branch of mathematics dealing with closed twisted loops. In 1914, German mathematician Max Dehn (1878-1952) showed that the trefoil knot's mirror images are not equivalent. For centuries, mathematicians have tried to develop ways to distinguish tangles that look like knots (called unknots) from true knots and to distinguish true knots from one another. Over the years, mathematicians have created seemingly endless tables of distinct knots. So far, more than 1.7 million nonequivalent knots with pictures containing 16 or fewer crossings have been identified. Entire conferences are devoted to knots today. Scientists study knots in fields ranging from molecular genetics-to help us understand how to unravel a loop of DNA-to particle physics, in an attempt to represent the fundamental nature of elementary particles. Knots have been crucial to the development of ciادامه مطلب

October 17, 1946D'Arline,I adore you, sweetheart.I know how much you like to hear that — but I don't only write it because you like it — I write it because it makes me warm all over inside to write it to you.It is such a terribly long time since I last wrote to you — almost two years but I know you'll excuse me because you understand how I am, stubbo and realistic; and I thought there was no sense to writing.But now I know my darling wife that it is right to do what I have delayed in doing, and that I have done so much in the past. I want to tell you I love you. I want to love you. I always will love you.I find it hard to understand in my mind what it means to love you after you are dead — but I stil] want to comfort and take care of you — and I want you to love me and care for me. I want to have problems to discuss with you — I want to do little projects with you. I never thought until just now that we can do that. What should we do. We started to lea to make clothes together — or lea Chinese — or getting a movie projector. Can't I do something now? No. I am alone without you and you were the "idea-woman" and general instigator of all our wild adventures.When you were sick you worried because you could not give me something that you wanted to and thought I needed. You needn't have worried. Just as I told you then there was no real need because I loved you in so many ways so much. And now it is clearly even more true — you can give me nothing now yet I love you so that ادامه مطلب

PHENOMENOLOGYDan ZahaviIs there something like a phenomenological tradition? Opinions are divided. According to one view, phenomenology counts as one of the dominant traditions in twentiethcentury phiادامه مطلب

The structure of intentionalityThe basic insight which allowed Husserl to explicate this conception of objectivity-for-subjectivity was his radical understanding of the intentional structure of consciادامه مطلب

"Eidetic" is used as synonymous with such traditional terms as "a priori," "essential," and "universal and necessary" in qualifying a distinctive sort of objects, propositions, truths, cognitions, andادامه مطلب

Eidetic insight (Wesensschau, Wesenserschauung) See also eidetic variation, eidetics, eidos, essence Wesensschau, or Wesenserschauung (see Ideas I § 3) translated as 'eidetic insight', 'eidetic intuitادامه مطلب

EIDETIC INTUITION. Eidetic intuition is the intuition of an eidos or essence. See also ESSENTIAL INSIGHT. EIDETIC PHENOMENOLOGY. An eidetic science is one that apprehends the a priori essences of thinادامه مطلب

EIDETIC INTUITION. Eidetic intuition is the intuition of an eidos or essence. See also ESSENTIAL INSIGHT. EIDETIC PHENOMENOLOGY. An eidetic science is one that apprehends the a priori essences of thinادامه مطلب

PHENOMENOLOGICAL ATTITUDE. Adopted by means of the performance of the phenomenological reduction, the phenomenological attitude is the reflective attitude in which one carries out phenomenological anaادامه مطلب

IDENTIFICATION. An identification arises in a synthesis. The identification can occur on various levels. First, a multiplicity of appearances manifesting a certain phenomenal continuity can be broughtادامه مطلب

Existential loss in the context of motor neurone disease: a hermeneutic phenomenological studyMotor Neurone Disease (MND) is a rare, devastating neurodegenerative disease of middle/later life, usuallyادامه مطلب

انفعال آگاهی مورد تأثیر قرار گرفتن آن توسط متعلّق ها است، درست آنطور كه متعلّق ها "چنانكه از قبل موجودند"، حاضر می شوند. انفعا ل آگاهی نمی باید به شكل علّی فهمیده شود. از پیش موجود بودن ابژه، دست یابیادامه مطلب

IMAGINATION. 1. An experience that represents an object that is both absent and non-actual. In both aspects imagination is opposed to perception. The imagined object can take the form of an image or iادامه مطلب

Husserl’s conception of phenomenology is perhaps best captured by the shibboleth “back to the things themselves!” By going back to the things themselves, Husserl evoked a style of thinking, a change in perspective, that did not rely on commonly held prejudices about the world, on the formal manipulation of rules, or on philosophical theories detached from experience. Going back to the things themselves in terms of how those “things” or “matters” (Sachen) are given served a liberating function, namely, to open one to matters as they are lived in their self-giveess. But just what are these matters, and how do we dispose ourselves to them such that they can give themselves to us?